Pearly Penile Papules (PPP)

What are pearly penile papules?

Pearly penile papules (PPP) are tiny, harmless, rounded, or finger-like bumps located around the head of the penis. Typically, these growths develop in rows and appear as white spots or small pearls, sometimes with a yellowish or pinkish hue. PPPs are noncancerous (benign), and they rarely occur on the shaft of the penis.

Noticing these papules might cause concern for some individuals as they might believe they are not hygienic enough or are infected with a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Pearly penile papules are not, however, linked with STIs. If you are sexually active, it is advisable to consult a healthcare provider to ensure that the growths are indeed pearly penile papules and not another issue.

How common is this condition?

The occurrence of pearly penile papules varies, with estimates suggesting that about 14% to 48% of individuals with penises globally may experience them at some point in their lives. PPP is more prevalent in Black individuals and males who are uncircumcised. The growths usually develop during late puberty and may diminish with age.

Symptoms

What are the symptoms of pearly penile papules?

Other than the appearance of the bumps, pearly penile papules typically do not present any symptoms. If you experience additional symptoms, it is important to consult with your doctor, particularly if you are sexually active.

Other symptoms that may occur along with bumps on the penis include:

• Pain or a burning sensation when urinating (peeing).
• Discharge coming from the growths or the penis.
• Itchiness.
• Bleeding.

Causes

What causes pearly penile papules?

Scientists are not aware of the exact reasons why penile papules develop in some individuals and not others. Some believe they are vestigial anatomical features—areas that once had a function but no longer do.

Are pearly penile papules contagious?

No. Pearly penile papules are not contagious, and someone who has them cannot infect another person.

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Diagnosis and Tests

How are pearly penile papules diagnosed?

A doctor is likely to diagnose the growths as pearly penile papules through a visual examination. They can confirm the diagnosis with a dermatoscope, a handheld microscope-like device that allows for a detailed view of the tissue.

It is always important to talk to your healthcare provider if you notice any lumps or skin issues on your penis. A proper diagnosis of pearly penile papules can provide peace of mind for you and your sexual partners regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

With the help of a dermatoscope, the doctor can differentiate pearly penile papules from other conditions like genital warts or molluscum contagiosum. Unlike PPP, genital warts are caused by a strain of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and can be spread through sexual contact.

Management and Treatment

How do you treat pearly penile papules?

Usually, treatment for pearly penile papules is not required. They often do not cause symptoms; hence, there is no need for painkillers or other treatments. Reassurance from a reliable physician that there is no serious problem is sufficient in most cases.

For those who are self-conscious or worried about the bumps, the doctor may use laser therapy, cryotherapy, or excision to remove the penile papules.

There are no recommended home treatments for pearly penile papules. Therefore, you should avoid applying castor oil, toothpaste, or acidic solutions such as lemon juice. Above all, never attempt to cut off the papules on your own. If you wish to have the bumps removed, consult your physician first before trying anything.

Complications of treating pearly penile papules

Treatment options such as lasers, cryotherapy, or excision can result in complications such as:

• Bleeding
• Scarring
• Infection
• Skin discolouration

Prevention

How can I prevent pearly penile papules?

There is no effective way to prevent the formation of pearly penile papules. The reason why the bumps develop in some people while others do not is currently unknown. Circumcision is, however, the only factor associated with the condition. As a result, the papules are common in uncircumcised males.

Prognosis

The prognosis of pearly penile papules is excellent. The condition is not severe, and there are no associated health risks.

Living With

How do I take care of myself?

Continue caring for yourself as usual and clean your penis according to your provider’s instructions. Also, practice safe intercourse by using a condom, especially when engaging in sexual activity outside a monogamous relationship. While this is not just recommended due to pearly penile papules, this general advice helps prevent the transmission of STIs.

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Consult your healthcare provider if you notice any bumps, sores, or unusual changes in the skin of your penis. Even though pearly penile papules are not a cause for concern, having a doctor confirm this can help you feel better.

A Note from MD.co.uk

If you notice any changes in your penile skin, it is advisable to talk to your healthcare provider. However, if you see pearly or white spots around the head of the penis, either partially or completely, they are likely to be pearly penile papules.

The condition is completely harmless and not related to any type of STI or cancer. Avoid self-treatment for any penile skin changes and consult your doctor before attempting anything.