Vaginal Yeast Infection Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Vaginal yeast infection and candida

It may sound unusual, but fungi, including Candida, naturally live in various parts of the body. Under normal circumstances, these organisms are harmless, as the good bacteria in the body help regulate their growth. However, various factors can weaken this regulation, allowing Candida to proliferate and cause infections.

What are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?

The symptoms of a yeast infection can vary, but common signs include:

• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.
• Persistent itching or burning in the vagina or vulva.
• Tiny cracks or cuts in the vulval skin due to irritation.
• Redness, swelling, or soreness around the vulva.
• A burning sensation during urination.
• Thick, white vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese, often odourless.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult your healthcare provider, as they may also indicate other conditions, such as bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted infections.

Who can develop vaginal yeast infections?

Any person that has a vagina can have a yeast infection. They are prevalent post-puberty and prior to menopause. Several factors can increase your likelihood of developing this condition, but it is important to note that yeast infections are very common and can be treated.

How common are vaginal yeast infections?

Approximately 75% of women and individuals assigned female at birth (AFAB) will experience at least one vaginal candidiasis during their lifetime, and more than half of them will have two or more episodes. Vaginal yeast infections are the second most common cause of vaginitis, e.g., bacterial vaginosis.

Risk factors for vaginal yeast infections

Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing a yeast infection, such as:

• Lifestyle factors, including wearing tight or damp clothing, scented tampons, or using feminine sprays, can also contribute to the risk.
• Taking antibiotics, contraceptive pills, or steroids.
• Uncontrolled diabetes.
• Conditions or treatments that suppress the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS or chemotherapy.
• Pregnancy or other hormonal changes.

Why do this infection occur?

When the balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, candida can multiply. This imbalance may result from:

• Weak immunity: Conditions such as HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments can make the body more susceptible.
• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can influence bacterial and yeast growth.
• Antibiotics: These kill not only harmful bacteria but also the beneficial ones that regulate Candida.
• Hormonal changes: menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or contraceptive pills can upset the hormonal balance.

Diagnosis

To diagnose a yeast infection, your medical professional will talk about your symptoms and may take a sample of vaginal discharge to confirm the diagnosis. This helps determine the type and severity of the infection, aiding your healthcare provider to provide appropriate treatment.

Treatment options

Most vaginal yeast infections are treated with antifungal treatments, which may be oral (such as fluconazole or applied directly to the affected area (topical). Some topical treatments include terconazole and miconazole, available as creams or suppositories.

Your healthcare provider will guide you on the correct use of these medications. It is crucial to follow their instructions to ensure the infection is fully resolved and doesn't recur.

While undergoing treatment, it is advisable to refrain from sexual activity, as it can cause further irritation. Some antifungal treatments may also weaken condoms and diaphragms.

Can Over-the-counter treatments be used?

Although over-the-counter treatments are available, it is always best to consult your medical practitioner to confirm the diagnosis and select the most suitable medication. Misdiagnosing the condition can result in improper treatment.

Duration of treatment

Most yeast infections resolve within a few days of starting treatment, but some cases may take up to a week or longer. It is important to complete the entire course of medication, even if symptoms improve earlier, to prevent recurrence.

Can a yeast infection resolve without treatment?

No, vaginal yeast infections require antifungal medication for resolution. Without treatment, the infection may persist or worsen.

Preventative measures

To reduce your risk of developing a yeast infection, consider the following lifestyle adjustments:

• Maintain healthy blood sugar levels if you have diabetes.
• Opt for cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing.
• Use water-based lubricants during sexual activity.
• Avoid douching, as it can disrupt the natural bacterial balance.
• Steer clear of scented tampons, pads, or feminine sprays.
• Change out of wet clothes, such as bathing suits or gym attire, as soon as possible.

Recurring infections

If you experience frequent yeast infections (more than four times a year), consult your healthcare provider. They may conduct tests to identify underlying causes such as diabetes, hormonal imbalances, or immunodeficiencies. Addressing these issues can help prevent future occurrences.

Partner considerations

While yeast infections are not typically transmitted sexually, partners with a vagina should watch for symptoms, as the condition can occasionally be passed on. For partners without a vagina, the likelihood of transmission is very low.

Vaginal yeast infections are a common concern. However, effective treatments are readily available. Recognising the symptoms can be helpful, but it is important to seek professional advice to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

If you suspect you have a yeast infection or have any concerns, schedule an appointment with us today for expert guidance and personalised care. For more information, give us a call.